Analgesic effect of music during wound care among patients with diaphyseal tibial fractures: Randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Evidence is scarce regarding the analgesic effect of music for the relief of acute pain during the care of surgical tibial fracture wounds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic effect of music on acute procedural pain during the care of surgical tibial fracture wounds. METHOD: This was a randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial with 70 patients in the immediate postoperative period for diaphyseal tibial fracture surgery. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: a control group (CG), in which patients received only the institution's standard analgesia, and an intervention group (IG) composed of patients receiving a 30-min session of music of their own choice, as a complementary method to the institution's standard analgesia. Pain was evaluated during the first postoperative dressing change, using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). RESULTS: The sample was homogeneously composed of men (91.4%), young adults (61.4%), without previous diseases (88.6%) and whose traumas were related to a motorcycle crash (84.3%). The main musical genres chosen by participants were the most popular in their region (61.4%). Those who listened to music presented lower pain scores when compared with those in the CG (IG:2.4 ± 2.4 versus CG:5.8 ± 2.7; p < 0.001; η2  = 0.171; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Listening to music is effective for relieving acute procedural pain during the first post-operative tibial fracture dressing change. Music should be incorporated into the multimodal analgesia protocols for management of orthopedic postoperative wound care-related pain. SIGNIFICANCE: Patients with diaphyseal tibial fractures that listened to music before and during the wound dressing change showed less pain when compared to those who received the standardized pharmacologic analgesia alone.

Surveillance of the first cases of COVID-19 in Sergipe using a prospective spatiotemporal analysis: the spatial dispersion and its public health implications.

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency with lethality ranging from 1% to 5%. This study aimed to identify active high-risk transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Sergipe. METHODS: We performed a prospective space-time analysis using confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the first 7 weeks of the outbreak in Sergipe. RESULTS: The prospective space-time statistic detected "active" and emerging spatio-temporal clusters comprising six municipalities in the south-central region of the state. CONCLUSIONS: The Geographic Information System (GIS) associated with spatio-temporal scan statistics can provide timely support for surveillance and assist in decision-making.

Surveillance of the first cases of COVID-19 in Sergipe using a prospective spatiotemporal analysis: the spatial dispersion and its public health implications

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency with lethality ranging from 1% to 5%. This study aimed to identify active high-risk transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Sergipe. Methods: We performed a prospective space-time analysis using confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the first 7 weeks of the outbreak in Sergipe. Results: The prospective space-time statistic detected "active" and emerging spatio-temporal clusters comprising six municipalities in the south-central region of the state. Conclusions: The Geographic Information System (GIS) associated with spatio-temporal scan statistics can provide timely support for surveillance and assist in decision-making.

Surveillance of the first cases of COVID-19 in Sergipe using a prospective spatiotemporal analysis: the spatial dispersion and its public health implications

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency with lethality ranging from 1% to 5%. This study aimed to identify active high-risk transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Sergipe. METHODS: We performed a prospective space-time analysis using confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the first 7 weeks of the outbreak in Sergipe. RESULTS: The prospective space-time statistic detected "active" and emerging spatio-temporal clusters comprising six municipalities in the south-central region of the state. CONCLUSIONS: The Geographic Information System (GIS) associated with spatio-temporal scan statistics can provide timely support for surveillance and assist in decision-making.

Pain assessment of traumatic brain injury victims using the Brazilian version of the Behavioral Pain Scale. / Avaliação da dor de vítimas de traumatismo craniencefálico pela versão brasileira da Behavioral Pain Scale.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS-Br) in victims of traumatic brain injury. METHODS: Observational prospective study with paired and repeated measures conducted at two intensive care units (clinical and surgical) of a large general hospital. The convenience sample consisted of adult victims of moderate or severe penetrating or blunt craniocerebral trauma who were sedated and mechanically ventilated. A total of 432 paired observations were performed by independent evaluators simultaneously, prior to eye cleaning, during eye cleaning, during tracheal aspiration and after tracheal aspiration. Sociodemographic, clinical, trauma-related, sedoanalgesia and physiological parameter data (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were collected. The discriminant validity was tested using the Friedman and Wilcoxon paired tests. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Cohen's Kappa coefficient were used to evaluate the reliability. The Spearman correlation test was used to test the association between clinical variables and BPS-Br scores during tracheal aspiration. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the physiological parameters during tracheal aspiration, but without correlation with the BPS-Br scores. Pain was significantly more intense during tracheal aspiration (p < 0.005). Satisfactory interobserver agreement was found, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95 (0.90 - 0.98) and Kappa coefficient of 0.70. CONCLUSION: Brazilian version of the Behavioral Pain Scale scores increased during tracheal aspiration. The Brazilian version of the scale was valid and reliable for pain assessment of traumatic brain injury victims undergoing tracheal aspiration.

Vulnerabilidade de adolescentes às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis na atenção primária / Vulnerability of adolescents to sexually transmissible diseases in primary care

Objetivo: identificar as situações de vulnerabilidade em que os adolescentes se encontram em relação às Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa com busca de artigos nas bases de dados MEDLINE, BDENF e LILACS, no período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2015. Para tanto, utilizou-se os descritores: adolescente, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e atenção primária à saúde, todos com associações aplicando-se o "AND" nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, além disso, para a seleção dos artigos, foi utilizado o instrumento adaptado do estudo de Ursi 2006, o qual permitiu esquematizar as principais informações. Resultados: foram analisados 12 artigos após aplicação dos critérios. Os resultados identificaram as seguintes temáticas: condições socioeconômicas; início precoce da atividade sexual; falta do uso do preservativo; diferença de gêneros; e dificuldade de comunicação e acesso aos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Conclusão: observou-se que os adolescentes necessitam ser sensibilizados sobre as circunstâncias que acarretam às Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis por meio de parcerias com os serviços de saúde e espaços sociais na comunidade.(AU)

Avaliação da dor de vítimas de traumatismo craniencefálico pela versão brasileira da Behavioral Pain Scale / Pain assessment of traumatic brain injury victims using the Brazilian version of the Behavioral Pain Scale

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a validade e a confiabilidade da versão brasileira da Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS-Br) em vítimas de traumatismo craniencefálico. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo, de medidas repetidas e pareadas, realizado em duas unidades de terapia intensiva (clínica e cirúrgica) de um hospital geral de grande porte. A amostra por conveniência foi composta por vítimas de traumatismo craniencefálico moderado ou grave, penetrante ou fechado, adultos, sedados e mecanicamente ventilados. Foram realizadas 432 observações por pares de avaliadores independentes, simultaneamente, antes da limpeza do olho, durante a limpeza do olho, durante a aspiração traqueal e após a aspiração traqueal. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, relacionados ao trauma, sedoanalgesia e parâmetros fisiológicos (frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica). A validade discriminante foi verificada pelo teste de Friedman e Wilcoxon por pares. Utilizaram-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e coeficiente de Kappa de Cohen para avaliar a confiabilidade. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para verificar a associação entre variáveis clínicas e os escores da BPS-Br durante a aspiração traqueal. Resultados: Houve elevação significativa dos parâmetros fisiológicos durante a aspiração traqueal, porém sem correlação com os escores de BPS-Br. A dor foi significativamente mais intensa durante a aspiração traqueal (p < 0,005). Foi evidenciada satisfatória concordância interobservadores, com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,95 (0,90 - 0,98) e Kappa de 0,70. Conclusão: Os escores da BPS-Br elevaram-se durante a aspiração traqueal. A versão brasileira da escala mostrou-se válida e confiável para avaliação da dor em vítimas de traumatismo craniencefálico submetidos à aspiração traqueal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS-Br) in victims of traumatic brain injury. Methods: Observational prospective study with paired and repeated measures conducted at two intensive care units (clinical and surgical) of a large general hospital. The convenience sample consisted of adult victims of moderate or severe penetrating or blunt craniocerebral trauma who were sedated and mechanically ventilated. A total of 432 paired observations were performed by independent evaluators simultaneously, prior to eye cleaning, during eye cleaning, during tracheal aspiration and after tracheal aspiration. Sociodemographic, clinical, trauma-related, sedoanalgesia and physiological parameter data (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were collected. The discriminant validity was tested using the Friedman and Wilcoxon paired tests. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Cohen's Kappa coefficient were used to evaluate the reliability. The Spearman correlation test was used to test the association between clinical variables and BPS-Br scores during tracheal aspiration. Results: There was a significant increase in the physiological parameters during tracheal aspiration, but without correlation with the BPS-Br scores. Pain was significantly more intense during tracheal aspiration (p < 0.005). Satisfactory interobserver agreement was found, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95 (0.90 - 0.98) and Kappa coefficient of 0.70. Conclusion: Brazilian version of the Behavioral Pain Scale scores increased during tracheal aspiration. The Brazilian version of the scale was valid and reliable for pain assessment of traumatic brain injury victims undergoing tracheal aspiration.

Perfil e prevalência de quedas em idosos / Profile and prevalence of falls in elderly

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência, a frequência e os fatores associados às quedas entre os idosos. Método: estudo quantitativo, populacional, de delineamento transversal, cuja população-alvo constitui-se de idosos residentes em área urbana. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas realizadas no domicílio na área de abrangência de quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Foram aplicados 420 questionários contendo até 95itens. Utilizou-se, para a tabulação dos dados, o Programa Excel. Em seguida, eles foram apresentados em tabela, após a análise estatística simples. Resultados: observou-se o predomínio do sexo feminino, com mulheres casadas e alfabetizadas, apesar da baixa escolaridade. As principais comorbidades encontradas foram a diminuição da acuidade visual e a hipertensão. Apenas 24,3% sofreram queda no último ano, mas a maioria afirmou ter medo de cair. Conclusão: a queda é um evento comum, tendo pouca consequência entre jovens. É um problema importante entre os idosos não só pela frequência, mas pelos danos físicos e psicológicos que causam.

Postoperative pain and analgesia in patients submitted to unruptured brain aneurysm clamping / Dor pós-operatória e analgesia em pacientes submetidos à pinçamento de aneurisma cerebral não roto

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adequate postoperative pain evaluation and management are priorities for quality assistance, especially after neurological surgeries. This study aimed at evaluating postoperative pain of neurosurgical patients submitted to unruptured brain aneurysm clamping. METHODS: Prospective and descriptive study carried out in a charity hospital of the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Sample was made up of 28 patients submitted to elective craniotomy for unruptured brain aneurysm clamping. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn-Bonferroni tests were used for inferential analysis. Significance level was 5% throughout the study. RESULTS: Most patients (78.6%) were females, 64.0% had postoperative pain. There has been significant difference in the number of days with postoperative pain among patients with associated comorbidities (p=0.04) and previous surgery (p=0.01). Most patients had moderate and throbbing headache. There were no adequate pain records and most frequent analgesics were simple analgesics. Opioids prescription was incipient. CONCLUSION: Systematic pain evaluation should be part of multiprofessional assistance, in compliance with international and national pain institutions recommendations.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Avaliação e manuseio adequados da dor pós-operatória são prioridades para uma assistência de qualidade, sobretudo em cirurgias neurológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dor pós-operatória de pacientes neurocirúrgicos submetidos a pinçamento de aneurisma não roto. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e descritivo realizado em um hospital beneficente do município de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil. A casuística foi constituída por 28 pacientes submetidos a craniotomia eletiva para tratamento de aneurisma cerebral não roto por meio de pinçamento. Na análise inferencial foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn-Bonferroni. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5% em todo o estudo. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes (78,6%) era do sexo feminino, 64,0% apresentaram dor no pós-operatório. Houve diferença significativa quanto ao número de dias com dor pós-operatória entre os pacientes que tinham comorbidades associadas (p=0,04) e cirurgia anterior (p=0,01). A maior parte dos pacientes apresentou cefaleia de intensidade moderada e pulsátil. Não houve registro adequado da dor nos prontuários, os analgésicos mais utilizados foram analgésicos simples e a prescrição de opioides foi incipiente. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação do fenômeno doloroso de forma sistemática deve fazer parte da assistência multiprofissional, conforme as recomendações de instituições nacionais e internacionais da dor.

Spatial analysis for the identification of risk areas for schistosomiasis mansoni in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, 2005-2014.

INTRODUCTION:: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infectious disease with a worldwide prevalence. The objective of this work is to identify risk areas for schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, during the period from 2005 to 2014. METHODS:: We conducted an epidemiological study with secondary data from the Information System Control Program of Schistosomiasis [Sistema de Informação do Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE)]. Temporal trends were analyzed to obtain the annual percentage change (APC) in the rates of annual prevalence. In addition to the description of general indicators of the disease, the spatial analysis was descriptive, by means of the estimator of intensity kernel, and showed spatial dependence by indicators of global Moran (I) and Local Index of Spatial Association (LISA). Thematic maps of spatial distribution were made, identifying priority intervention areas in need of healthcare. RESULTS:: There were 78,663 cases of schistosomiasis, with an average of 8.7% positivity recorded; 79.8% of the cases were treated, and Sergipe showed a decreasing positive trend (APC: -2.78). There was the presence of spatial autocorrelation and a significant global Moran index (I = 0.19; p-value = 0.03). We identified clusters of high-risk areas, mainly located in the northeast and southcentral of the state, which each had equally high infection rates. CONCLUSIONS:: There was a decreasing positive trend of schistosomiasis in Sergipe. Spatial analysis identified the geographic distribution of risk and allowed the definition of priority areas for the maintenance and intensification of control interventions.

Suicídio inconsciente: reflexo do comportamento de risco no trânsito / Unconscious suicide: reflection of risky behavior in traffic / Suicidio inconsciente: reflejo de las conductas de riesgo en el tráfico

Objetivo: investigar o comportamento de risco dos estudantes universitários. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, com 197 estudantes universitários dos Cursos de Ciências Da Saúde de uma universidade pública da Região Centro-Sul do Estado de Sergipe/SE, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada pela aplicação de um questionário on-line. Os dados foram avaliados pelo Programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 18.0, e agrupados em tabelas. A análise foi a descritiva e a discussão se deu a partir da literatura. Resultados: a idade média foi de 21 anos, grande maioria do sexo feminino, pardos, provenientes do Estado de Sergipe/SE. Evidenciou-se o comportamento de conduzir veículo sem carteira de habilitação e conduzir veículo sob o efeito de álcool pelos estudantes habilitados. Conclusão: o estudo sugere a necessidade de estratégias para prevenção de acidentes de trânsito com foco na juventude universitária.(AU)

Objective: to investigate the risk behavior of college students. Method: observational, descriptive, crosssection study, with a quantitative approach, with 197 university students of Health Science courses at a public university of the South Central Region of the State of Sergipe / SE, Brazil. Data collection was carried out by application of an online questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 18.0, and grouped into tables. The analysis was descriptive and discussion occurred from the literature. Results: the mean age was 21 years, most were female, brown, from the State of Sergipe / SE. It showed the behavior of driving vehicles without a driver's license and driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol by qualified students. Conclusion: the study suggests the need for strategies to prevent traffic accidents focusing on university students.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar el comportamiento arriesgado de los estudiantes universitarios. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo, con 197 alumnos de los cursos de Ciencias de la salud de una universidad pública de la región centro-sur del estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Los datos fueron recogidos por la aplicación de un cuestionario online, los datos fueron evaluados por el Programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 18.0 y agrupados en tablas. El análisis fue descriptivo y la discusión tuvo lugar a partir de la literatura. Resultados: la edad media era de 21 años, la gran mayoría del sexo femenino, marrones, del estado de Sergipe / SE. Se demostró el comportamiento de conducción de un vehículo sin una licencia de conducir y conducir un vehículo bajo la influencia del alcohol por los estudiantes habilitados. Conclusión: el estudio sugiere la necesidad de estrategias para la prevención de accidentes de tráfico con un enfoque en la juventud. Palabras clave: Estudiantes ciencias de la salud; Toma de riesgos; Accidentes de tráfico; Enfermería en salud pública.(AU)

Spatial analysis for the identification of risk areas for schistosomiasis mansoni in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, 2005-2014

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infectious disease with a worldwide prevalence. The objective of this work is to identify risk areas for schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, during the period from 2005 to 2014. METHODS: We conducted an epidemiological study with secondary data from the Information System Control Program of Schistosomiasis [Sistema de Informação do Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE)]. Temporal trends were analyzed to obtain the annual percentage change (APC) in the rates of annual prevalence. In addition to the description of general indicators of the disease, the spatial analysis was descriptive, by means of the estimator of intensity kernel, and showed spatial dependence by indicators of global Moran (I) and Local Index of Spatial Association (LISA). Thematic maps of spatial distribution were made, identifying priority intervention areas in need of healthcare. RESULTS: There were 78,663 cases of schistosomiasis, with an average of 8.7% positivity recorded; 79.8% of the cases were treated, and Sergipe showed a decreasing positive trend (APC: -2.78). There was the presence of spatial autocorrelation and a significant global Moran index (I = 0.19; p-value = 0.03). We identified clusters of high-risk areas, mainly located in the northeast and southcentral of the state, which each had equally high infection rates. CONCLUSIONS: There was a decreasing positive trend of schistosomiasis in Sergipe. Spatial analysis identified the geographic distribution of risk and allowed the definition of priority areas for the maintenance and intensification of control interventions.

Análise espacial e características epidemiológicas dos casos de hanseníase em área endêmica / Spatial analysis and epidemiological characteristics of cases of leprosy in an endemic area / Análisis espacial y características epidemiológicas de casos de lepra en área endémica

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial e as características clínico-epidemiológicas dos casos de hanseníase em área endêmica. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa,utilizando dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravo de Notificação (SINAN) de 2002 a 2012 no município de Tucano/BA, Brasil. Os casos de hanseníase foram georreferenciados utilizando um receptor GPS para a localização dos domicílios e a análise espacial, realizada através do software Terra View. 4.2.2.Resultados: a taxa média de detecção foi de 15,53 casos para cada 100 mil habitantes. Ocorreu um aumento da frequência dos casos com a idade e ocorrência de seis casos em menores de 15 anos. A análise espacial constatou concentração de casos em área periurbana do município. Conclusão: há uma tendência crescente de casos de hanseníase concentrados na área urbana do município, sendo importante intensificar as intervenções de controle focadas na busca ativa de casos em localidades de difícil acesso aos serviços de saúde.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the spatial distribution and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of leprosy cases in endemic areas. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data from a Notification of Grievance Information System (SINAN) 2002 and 2012 in the municipality of Tucano/BA, Brasil. The cases of leprosy were geo-referenced using a GPS receiver for location of households and spatial analysis through Terra View 4.2.2 software. Results: the mean detection rate was 15.53 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. An increased frequency of cases with age and occurrence of six cases in children under 15 years. The spatial analysis found concentration of cases in the peri-urban area of the municipality. Conclusion: there is a growing trend of leprosy cases concentrated in the urban area of the municipality, it is important to intensify control interventions focused on an active search for cases of difficult access to health service locations.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la distribución espacial y características clínicas y epidemiológicas de casos de lepra en área endémica. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando datos secundarios del Sistema de Información de Agravio de Notificación (SINAN) de 2002 y 2012 en Tucano, Bahia, Brasil. Los casos de lepra fueron georeferenciados utilizando un receptor GPS para la ubicación de los hogares y el análisis espacial realizado a través del software TerraView 4.2.2. Resultados: el promedio fue de 15,53 casos de detección por cada 100 mil habitantes. Hubo un aumento en la frecuencia de casos con la edad y aparición de seis casos en niños menores de 15 años. El análisis espacial encontró que la concentración de casos en zona peri urbana del municipio. Conclusión: existe una tendencia creciente de casos de lepra que se concentró en el área urbana del municipio, y es importante intensificar las intervenciones de control centradas en la búsqueda activa de casos en lugares de difícil acceso a servicios de salud.(AU)

Dor em pacientes atendidos na classificação de risco de um serviço de urgência / Pain in patients attended at risk classification of an emergency service

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor é um dos principais sintomas responsáveis pela procura de serviços de urgência. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença de dor em pacientes atendidos na classificação de risco. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado em um serviço de urgência. Foi utilizado formulário que continha os dados sócio-demográficos e clínicos, classificação de risco, analgesia e registro da dor em prontuário. Foi calculado o Índice de Manuseio da Dor proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. RESULTADOS: Dos 102 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 82 (80,2%) relataram dor, 45 (54,9%) eram do gênero feminino, 48 (58,5%) eram casados, a maioria (62 - 75,6%) residentes da grande Aracaju, 28 (34,1%) foram classificados como amarelo. A dor aguda, intensa à moderada foi a mais frequente. Em 71 (86,6%) casos, a dor do tipo continua motivou a procura pelo serviço de urgência. O registro de dor esteve presente na quase totalidade dos prontuários, sendo 80,5% realizados pelos médicos. Os analgésicos simples e anti-inflamatórios não esteroides foram os mais prescritos (59 - 72%). O manuseio da dor foi inadequado em 86,6% dos casos e existiu grande variação entre o tempo de admissão e administração da primeira analgesia (média: 94,5min; mín-máx: 8-360min). CONCLUSÃO: A ausência de protocolos de analgesia na classificação de risco pode dificultar o adequado manuseio do fenômeno doloroso.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain is a major symptom responsible for the search for urgency care. This study aimed at checking the presence of pain in patients attending the risk classification. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out at an urgency care unit, using a form with socio-demographic and clinical data, risk classification, analgesia and pain record on medical charts. Pain Management Index proposed by the World Health Organization was calculated. RESULTS: From 102 patients included in the study, 82 (80.2%) reported pain, 45 (54.9%) were females, 48 (58.5%) were married, most (62 - 75.6%) lived in Greater Aracaju, 28 (34.1%) were classified as yellow. Acute, severe to moderate pain was the most frequent. In 71 (86.6%) cases, continuous pain has motivated the search for urgency care. Pain recording was present in almost all medical charts, being 80.5% performed by physicians. Simple analgesics and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs were the most frequently prescribed analgesics (59 - 72%). Pain management was inadequate in 86.6% of cases and there has been wide variation between admission and administration of first analgesia (mean: 94.5 min; min-max: 8-360 min). CONCLUSION: The lack of analgesic protocols at risk classification may impair adequate pain management.

Headache and analgesic in postoperative craniotomy

Objective: To identify the most prevalent type of pain in postoperative craniotomy patients and evaluate the use of analgesic in this group of patients. Method: The case studies consisted of 55 patients undergoing craniotomy. Patients were evaluated from the first to the seventh postoperative day. Data were stored and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The variables analyzed were gender, demographic data, assessing the presence of pain, location of pain, severity of pain, use of analgesic, professionals who recorded the pain on the patients’ charts, and presence of insomnia. Results: The results show that headache, the main pain reported by the patients, is present from the first to the seventh postoperative day. It was observed that in some cases there was no prescription of analgesics and even in the group of patients who took analgesics, these drugs were not effective for the relief of headache. The final logistic regression model revealed that insomnia ( OR = 10.6, p = < 0.001 ), the pain recorded in the patients’ charts (OR = 2.38 , p = 0.016) and use of analgesic (OR = 2.03 , p = 0.014) adequately explained the outcome. Conclusion: Headache was the chief complaint of pain after postoperative craniotomy, and its intensity varied from mild to severe. The analgesic used was not effective for the control of postoperative headache. Proper handling of post-craniotomy headache by the multidisciplinary team can contribute to early neurological recovery of patients undergoing craniotomy, and should make the post-surgical care, with a view to early recovery and the humanization of care.

[Spatial distribution of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant women from Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil]. / Análise espacial da prevalência de toxoplasmose em gestantes de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil.

PURPOSE: To analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant women from a Brazilian Northeast city, and to correlate such prevalence with average maternal age and place of residence. METHODS: A descriptive, analytical and ecological study was conducted from January 1st to December 31st 2012. Data were obtained retrospectively from the Medical Specialties Center database and processed with the Epi info statistical package (Epi 7, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA) and with Microsoft Excel 2010. The X2 test was applied to assess the association between the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and the average age. Spatial analysis of infection prevalence was performed using the TerraView software, version 4.2.2, with Kernel density estimation, which estimates the quantity of events through maps in order to identify areas with the highest concentration of cases in the city. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of IgG was 68.5% (95%CI 67.2-69.8) and the prevalence of IgM was 0.36% (95%CI 0.23-0.6). A higher IgG prevalence was associated with increased age in the oldest neighborhoods of the state capital, whereas a higher IgG prevalence among younger women was detected in suburban neighborhoods. The spatial concentration of IgM antibodies was higher in suburban neighborhoods, with no significant correlation between seroprevalence and age. CONCLUSION: Geoprocessing allowed the identification of areas with the highest prevalence, as well as the most susceptible average age and it was also useful as an instrument for the evaluation and implementation of appropriate preventive measures for this municipality and for other regions of Brazil.

Análise espacial da prevalência de toxoplasmose em gestantes de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil / Spatial distribution of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant women from Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição espacial da prevalência de anticorpos antitoxoplasma em gestantes residentes em uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil, e correlacionar a prevalência de anticorpos antitoxoplasma com a faixa etária materna e o local de residência. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico, descritivo e analítico, desenvolvido no período de 01 janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2012. As informações foram obtidas retrospectivamente de um banco de dados, e processadas com o pacote estatístico Epi info (Epi 7, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, EUA) e também em planilha do pacote Microsoft Office Excel, versão 2010. Para avaliar a associação entre a prevalência de anticorpos para a toxoplasmose e a faixa etária, foi aplicado o teste do X2. A análise espacial da prevalência dessa infecção foi realizada com o programa TerraView, versão 4.2.2, utilizando o estimador de intensidade Kernel, que permite estimar a quantidade de eventos em mapa para identificar áreas de maior concentração de casos no município. RESULTADOS: A soroprevalência encontrada para IgG foi de 68,5% (IC95% 67,2-69,8) e IgM de 0,36% (IC95% 0,23-0,6). Foi encontrado incremento da prevalência de IgG associado ao aumento da idade nos bairros mais antigos da capital. Entre as mulheres mais jovens, a maior prevalência foi nos bairros de periferia. Quanto ao anticorpo IgM, a concentração espacial foi mais elevada em bairros da periferia e não ocorreu associação significativa entre a soroprevalência e a idade. CONCLUSÃO: O geoprocessamento permitiu identificar as áreas de maior prevalência, assim como a faixa etária com maior suscetibilidade, servindo como instrumento de avaliação e implementação de medidas preventivas apropriadas para esse município ...

PURPOSE: To analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant women from a Brazilian Northeast city, and to correlate such prevalence with average maternal age and place of residence. METHODS: A descriptive, analytical and ecological study was conducted from January 1st to December 31st 2012. Data were obtained retrospectively from the Medical Specialties Center database and processed with the Epi info statistical package (Epi 7, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA) and with Microsoft Excel 2010. The X2 test was applied to assess the association between the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and the average age. Spatial analysis of infection prevalence was performed using the TerraView software, version 4.2.2, with Kernel density estimation, which estimates the quantity of events through maps in order to identify areas with the highest concentration of cases in the city. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of IgG was 68.5% (95%CI 67.2-69.8) and the prevalence of IgM was 0.36% (95%CI 0.23-0.6). A higher IgG prevalence was associated with increased age in the oldest neighborhoods of the state capital, whereas a higher IgG prevalence among younger women was detected in suburban neighborhoods. The spatial concentration of IgM antibodies was higher in suburban neighborhoods, with no significant correlation between seroprevalence and age. CONCLUSION: Geoprocessing allowed the identification of areas with the highest prevalence, as well as the most susceptible average age and it was also useful as an instrument for the evaluation and implementation of appropriate preventive measures for this municipality and for other regions of Brazil. .

Pain in patients undergoing appendectomy / Dor em pacientes submetidos à apendicectomia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain is a subjective manifestation of unpleasant, personal and untransferable experience, produced by tissue injury involving physical and chemical body mechanisms. This study aimed at identifying the presence of acute pain in the postoperative period of appendectomy, at checking pain records, at describing postoperative complications and at comparing pain management and the adequacy of analgesia. METHODS: This is a transversal, descriptive and quantitative study. Sample was made up of 41 patients submitted to appendectomy. A semi-structured interview was carried out with information about use of analgesics, presence of postoperative pain, pain site, consequences of pain and visual analog scale. To evaluate pain management and the quality of analgesia, the Pain Management Index proposed by the World Health Organization was calculated. RESULTS: From total sample, 61% were males, mean age was 34.36±11.64 years, 70.7% were married and all patients have referred pain. In 90.2% of cases there was no pain recording in medical charts. Surgical incision was the major pain site and its primary consequence was impaired physical mobility. As to pain intensity, 22.2% of patients had moderate pain and were inadequately treated according to Pain Management Index. CONCLUSION: There has been considerable inadequacy of analgesia, pain recording in medical charts was scarce and no nursing professional has recorded pain. Surgical incision was major pain complaint site and impaired mobility was the primary complication. Our data bring about the need for investments in health professionals qualification with regard to pain management...

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor é uma manifestação subjetiva de experiência desagradável, pessoal e intransferível, produzida por uma lesão tecidual envolvendo mecanismos corporais físicos e químicos. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram identificar a presença da dor aguda no pós-operatório de apendicectomia, verificar o registro da dor, descrever as complicações da dor pós-cirurgia e comparar o manuseio da dor e a adequação da analgesia. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. A casuística foi constituída por 41 pacientes submetidos a apendicectomia. Foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada, com informações sobre o uso de analgésico, presença de dor pós-cirúrgica, local da dor, consequências da dor e a escala analógica visual. Para avaliar o manuseio da dor e o padrão da analgesia foi calculado o Índice de Manuseio da Dor proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e um por cento eram do gênero masculino, a média de idade foi de 34,36±11,64 anos, 70,7% casados, todos os pacientes referiram dor. Em 90,2% dos casos não havia registro da dor em prontuário. A incisão cirúrgica foi o principal local da dor e a mobilidade física prejudicada sua principal consequência. Quanto à intensidade da dor, 22,2% dos pacientes sentiram dor moderada e foram inadequadamente tratados de acordo com o Índice de Manuseio da Dor. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se inadequação considerável da analgesia, o registro da dor em prontuário foi muito escasso e nenhum pro-fissional da enfermagem registrou o fenômeno doloroso. A incisão cirúrgica foi o principal local da queixa de dor e a dificuldade para deambular foi a principal complicação. Os dados desta pesquisa suscitam...

Traumatismos em adolescentes e adultos: avaliação da gravidade por escore anatômico / Trauma in adolescents and adults: severity assessment by anatomical score

Objetivo: determinar a gravidade do trauma em adolescentes e adultos pelo New Injury Severity Score.Método: estudo ecológico, retrospectivo e quantitativo em prontuários de 301 vítimas atendidas entre janeirode 2006 e julho de 2008 no Hospital de Urgência de Sergipe/SE/Brasil. A coleta foi realizada após aautorização do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Sergipe sob nº 2448.0.000.107-08.Resultados: a região da cabeça e pescoço foi a mais gravemente afetada em 61,5% e 66,8% apresentaramescore ≥ a 16 pontos. Houve associação significante entre o escore NISS e o tempo de internamento, númerode regiões corpóreas, Escala de Coma de Glasgow e desfecho. Conclusão: o nível de gravidade do trauma peloNew Injury Severity Score demonstrou maioria das vítimas com escore ≥ 25 pontos e a região da cabeça epescoço a mais gravemente afetada, com predomínio do Trauma Cranioencefálico.

Knowledge of doctors and nurses on pain in patients undergoing craniotomy.

The study objectives were to characterize the profile of the doctors and nurses caring for patients in the craniotomy postoperative period, checking pain assessment methods and to identify the existence of analgesia protocols. Cross-sectional and analytical study. The casuistry is constituted of 30 doctors and 30 nurses. The results revealed that 83.3 % of the nurses were female, 63.3% knew pain scales, and 16.6% said that analgesia protocols exist. Regarding doctors 60% were male, 70% knew the pain scales, 3.3% had specialization in pain treatment, 13.3% they stated that there are analgesia protocols. The ignorance on the part of doctors and nurses about the assessment scales and pain assessment methods reveals the need for the creation of institutional policies on controlling pain, the use of instruments for the measurement of the pain phenomenon and analgesia protocols in the institution.